From PSST

Contents 1 Elicited Imitation Studies 2 Native Language Development 3 Abnormal Language Development 4 Second Language Psycholinguistics 5 Second Language Measurement 6 Sentence Length 7 Written Imitation 8 Related links 9 Suggested Difficulty Readings 10 Student Added Readings

Elicited Imitation Studies

• Reviews and overviews
  • Bley-Vroman, R. and Chaudron, C. (1994). Elicited imitation as a measure of second-language competence. In E.E. Tarone, S. Gass & A.D. Cohen, Research methodology in second-language acquisition, Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. 245-261.
  • Chaudron, C. and Russell, G. (1990). The validity of elicited imitation as a measure of second language competence. Paper presented as “The status of elicited imitation as a measure of second language competence” at the ninth World Congress of Applied Linguistics, Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Gass, Susan M. and Mackey, Alison (2007). Data elicitation in second and foreign language research. Routledge (Taylor and Francis). [1]
  • Gallimore, R. and Tharp, R.G. (1981). The interpretation of elicited sentence imitation in a standardized context. Language Learning, 31, 1, 369-392.
  • Lust, B. Chien, Y. and Flynn S. (1987). What children know: methods for the study of first language acquisition. In B. Lust, Studies in the acquisition of anaphora, Vol. II. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. 271-356.
  • Vinther, T. (2002). Elicited Imitation: a brief overview. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12, 1, 54-73. [2]

• Articles (might belong elsewhere below)
  • Erlam, Rosemary (2006). Elicited Imitation as a Measure of L2 Implicit Knowledge: An Empirical Validation Study. Applied Linguistics 27(3):464-491. [3]
  • Mattes, Larry J. (1982). The Elicited Language Analysis Procedure: A Method for Scoring Sentence Imitation Tasks. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 13:37-41. [4]
  • Vinnitskaya, I., Flynn, S., and Foley, C. (2002). In: Proceedings of the 6th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2002): L2 Links (edited by Juana M. Liceras, Helmut Zobl, and Helen Goodluck), Cascadilla Proceedings Project Somerville, MA, pp. 340-345.

Native Language Development

• Fraser, C., Belugi, U., & Brown, R. (1963). Control of grammar imitation, comprehension, and production. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 2, 121-135.
• Ervin-Tripp, S. (1964). Imitation and structural change in children’s language. In E.H. Lenneberg (Ed.), New directions in the study of language. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T Press, 163-189.
• Lust, B., Flynn, S. and Foley, C. (1996) What children know about what they say: elicited imitation as a research method for assessing children's syntax, in D. Mcdaniel, C. Mckee and H. Smith Cairns, eds. Methods for assessing children’s syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. 55-76.
• Lust, B. Chien, Y. and Flynn S. (1987). What children know: methods for the study of first language acquisition. In B. Lust, Studies in the acquisition of anaphora, Vol. II. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. 271-356.
• Menyuk, P. (1963). A preliminary evaluation of grammatical capacity in children. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 2, 429-439.
• Connell, P.J. and Myles-Zitzer, C. (1982). A analysis of elicited imitation as a language evaluation procedure. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders. 47, 4, 390-396. [5]
• Cowan, N., Day, L. Sauls, J. S, Keller, T.A. Johnson, T. and Flores, L. (1992). The role of verbal output time in the effects of word length on immediate memory. Journal of Memory and Language. 31, 1, 1-17.
• Hood, L. and Lightbown, P. M. (1978). What children do when asked to “say what I say”: does elicited imitation measure linguistic knowledge? Reprints form Allied Health and Behavioural Sciences, 1, 2, 195-219.
• Hood, L. and Schieffelin, B.B. (1978). Elicited imitation in two cultural ocntexts. Quarterly Newsletter of the Institute of Comparative Human Development 2, 4-12.
• Corrigan, R. and DiPaul, L. (1982). Measurement of language production. Applied Psyholinguistics. 3, 3, 223-242.
• Keller-Cohen, D. (1981). Elicited imitation in lexical development: evidence from a study of temporal reference. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,10, 3, 273-88. [6]
• McDade, H.L., Simpson, M.A., and Lamb, D.E. (1982). The use of elicited imitation as a measure of expressive grammar: a question of validity. Journal of Speech and Hearing disorders, 47, 1, 19-24. [7]
• Prutting, C.A., Gallagher, T.M., and Mulac, A. (1975) The expressive portion of the NSST compared to a spontaneous language sample. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 40, 1, 40-48.
• Gross, C. and Leder, S.B. (1987). Effect of pragmatic context on elicited imitation. Perceptal and Motor Skills, 65, 2, 455-459.
• Thornton, R. (1996) Elicited production, in D. McDaniel, C. Mckee and H. Smith Cairns, eds. Methods for assessing children’s syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. 77-102.

Abnormal Language Development

• Connell, P. J., & Myles-Zitzer, C. (1982). An analysis of elicited imitation as a language evaluation procedure. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 47, 390–396.
• Fujiki, M. and B. Brinton. (1983). Sampling reliability in elicited imitation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 48, 1, 85-89. [8]
• Fujiki, M. and B. Brinton (1987). Elicited Imitation Revisited: A Comparison with Spontaneous Language Production. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools,18, 4, 301-311. [9]
• Rondall, J.A., Lambert, J.L. and Sohier, C. (1981). Elicited verbal and nonverbal imitation in Down’s syndrome and other mentally retarded children: a replication and extension of Berry. Lanuage and Speech 24, 3, 245-254.
• Berry. P. b. (1976). Elicited Imitation of language: some ESNS population characteristics. Language and Speech 19,1, 350-362.
• Hale Haniff, M. and Siegel, G. M. (1981). The effect of context on verbal elicited imitation, Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 46, 1, 27-30.
• Lahey, M., Launer, P, and Schiff-Myers, N. (1983). Prediction of production: elicited imitation and spontaneous speech productions of language disordered children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 4, 4, 317-343.
• Lee, L.L. (1970). A screening test for syntax development. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 35, 2, 102-112.
• McDade, H.L., Simpson, M.A., and Lamb, D.E. (1982). The use of elicited imitation as a measure of expressive grammar: a question of validity. Journal of Speech and Hearing disorders, 47, 1, 19-24.
• Menyuk, P. (1964). Comparison of grammar of children with functionally deviant and norjmal speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 7, 3, 109-121.
• Rondal, J.A., Lambert, J.L., and Sohier, C. Elicited verbal and nonverbal imitation in Down’s syndrome and other mentally retarded children: a replication and extension of Berry. Language and Speech 24, 3, 245-254.

Second Language Psycholinguistics

• Bailey, N., Eisenstein, M., and Madden, C. (1976). The development of wh-questions in adult second-language learners. On TESOL 76, 1-9.
• Blay-Vroman, R. and Chaudron, C. (1994). Elicited imitation as a measure of second-language competence. In E.E. Tarone, S. Gass & A.D. Cohen, Research methodology in second-language acquisition, Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. 245-261.
• Eisenstein, M. Bailey, N. and Madden, C. 1982). It take two: contrasting tasks and contrasting structures. TESOL Quarterly, 16, 3, 381-193.
• Erlam, Rosemary (2006). Elicited Imitation as a Measure of L2 Implicit Knowledge: An Empirical Validation Study. Applied Linguistics, 27, 3, 464-491.
• Gallimore, R. and Tharp, R.G. (1981). The interpretation of elicited sentence imitation in a standardized context. Language Learning, 31, 1, 369-392.
• Hudgins, J. C., & Cullinan, W. L. (1978). Effects of sentence structure on sentence elicited imitation responses. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 21, 809–819.
• Roebuck, Regina F., Martínez-Arbelaiz, María A., and Pérez-Silva, Jorge I. (1999). Null subjects, filled CPs and L2 acquisition. Second Language Research, 15(3):251-282. [10]
• Perkins, K., Brutten, S. R., & Angelis, P. J. (1986). Derivational complexity and item difficulty in a sentence repetition task. Language Learning, 36, 125–141.
• Naiman, N. (1974). The use of elicited imitation in second language acquisition research. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 2, 1-37. [11]
• Vinther, T. (2002). Elicited imitation: a brief review. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12, 1, 54-73.
• Flynn, S. (1986). Production vs. comprehension: differences in underlying competencies. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 8, 2, 135-164.
• Hamayan, E., Saegert, J., and Larudee, P. (1977). Elicited imitation in second language learners. Language and Speech 20, 1, 86-97.
• Hamayan, E. et al. (1976). Differences in Performance in Elicited Imitation between French Monolingual and English-Speaking Bilingual Children. Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 8., OISE. [12]
• Markman, B.R., Spilka, I.V., and Tucker, G.R. (1975). The use of elicited imitation in search of an interim French grammar. Language Learning 25, 1, 31-41.
• Munnich, E., Flynn, S., and Martohardjono, G. (1994) Elicited imitation and grammaticality judgment tasks; what they measure and how they relate to each other. In E.E. Tarone, S. Gass and A.D. Cohen, Research methodology in second-language acquisition, Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum. 227-43.
• Polio, C. and S. Gass. (1997) Replication and reporting. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 4, 499-508.
• Richards, D. R. (1980) Problems in eliciting unmonitored speech in a second language. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin Utrecht 5, 2, 63-98.

Second Language Measurement

• Blay-Vroman, R. and Chaudron, C. (1994). Elicited imitation as a measure of second-language competence. In E.E. Tarone, S. Gass & A.D. Cohen, Research methodology in second-language acquisition, Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. 245-261.
• Casad, Eugene (ed.) Windows on Bilingualism. Arlington, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and UT-Arlington.
• Casad, Eugene H. (1997) Language Assessment Tools: Uses and Limitations. Language Choices: Conditions, Constraints, and Consequences, 253-273.
• Chaudron, C., Prior, M. & Kozok, U. (2005). Elicited imitation as an oral proficiency measure. Paper presented at the 14 World Congress of Applied Linguistics, Madison Wisconsin.
• Grimes, Joseph E. Calibrating sentence repetition tests. In E. Casad (ed.) Windows on Bilingualism. Arlington, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and UT-Arlington.
• Hameyer, K. (1980). Testing oral proficiency via elicited imitation. Revue de Phonetique Appliquee, 53, 1, 11-24.
• Henning, G. (1983). Oral proficiency testing: comparative validities of interview, imitation, and completion methods. Language Learning, 33, 3, 315-332.
• Henning, G. (1987). A guide to language testing. Cambridge: Newbury House.
• Munnich, E., Flynn, S. and Martohardjono, G. (1994). Elicited imitation and grammaticality judgment tasks; what they measure and how they relate to each other. In E. E. Tarone, S. Gass, and A.D. Cohen, Research methodology in second language acquisition, Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum, 227-243.
• Radloff, C. (1991) Sentence Repetition Testing. Arlington, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
• Radloff, C. F. (1992). Sentence repetition testing for studies of community bilingualism: an introduction. Notes on Linguistics, 56, 19–25.
• Vinther, T. (2002). Elicited imitation: a brief review. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12, 1, 54-73.

Sentence Length

• Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63, 2, 81-97.
• Miller, J.F. and Chapman, R.S. (1975). Length variables in sentence imitation. Language and Speech, 18, 1, 35-41.
• Scott, M.L. (1994). Auditory memory and perception in younger and older adult second language learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16, 3, 263-281.

Written Imitation

• Spitze, K. and Fischer, S.D. (1981) Short-term memory as a test of language proficiency. TESL talk, Quarterly for Teachers of English as a Second Language 12, 4, 32-41.
• Savignon, S. J. (1982) Dictation as a measure of communicative competence in French as a second language. Language Learning 32, 1, 33-51.
• Kelch, K. (1985). Modified input as an aid to comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 1, 81-90.
• Scheibner-Herzig, G., Sauerbrey, H. and Kokoschka, D. (1991) Repetition—a means to predict foreign language oral proficiency. International Review of Applied Linguistics 29, 3, 229-240.

Related links

• The NFLRC at Manoa, Hawaii [13]
• The Versant spoken language skills assessment system [14]
• Carnegie Speech's NativeAccent program [15]

Suggested Difficulty Readings

• Syntax
  • Mattes, Larry J. (1982). The Elicited Language Analysis Procedure: A Method for Scoring Sentence Imitation Tasks. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 13:37-41. [16]
  • Ortega, Lourdes. (2000). Understanding Syntactic Complexity: The Measurement of Change in the Syntax of Instructed L2 Spanish Learners. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii.
  • Gass, Susan M. and Mackey, Alison (2007). Data elicitation in second and foreign language research. Routledge (Taylor and Francis). [17]
  • Added by Dan:
    • Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. (1992). A Second Look at T-Unit Analysis: Reconsidering the Sentence. TESOL Quarterly 26, 2, 390-395.
    • Eckman, Fred R. (1988). On the Generalization of Relative Clause Instruction in the Acquisition of English as a Second Language. Applied Linguistics 9, 1-20.
    • Faigley, Lester. (1980). Names in Search of a Concept: Maturity, Fluency, Complexity, and Growth in Written Syntax. College Composition and Communication 31, 3, 291-300.
    • Halleck, Gene B. (1995). Assessing Oral Proficiency: A Comparison of Holistic and Objective Measures. The Modern Language Journal 79, 2, 223-234.
    • He, Brown, & Covington. (2004). A Proposed Revision of the Rosenberg and Abbeduto D-Level Scale. Artificial Intelligence Center, The University of Georgia. Poster.
• Lexical Semantics
  • Danesi, Marcel (2000). Semiotics in Language Education. Mouton de Gruyter: New York.
  • Perkins, K., Brutten, S. R., & Angelis, P. J. (1986). Derivational complexity and item difficulty in a sentence repetition task. Language Learning, 36, 125–141.
  • Hamayan, E., Saegert, J., and Larudee, P. (1977). Elicited imitation in second language learners. Language and Speech 20, 1, 86-97.

• Morphology
  • Perkins, K., Brutten, S. R., & Angelis, P. J. (1986). Derivational complexity and item difficulty in a sentence repetition task. Language Learning, 36, 125–141.
  • Hamayan, E., Saegert, J., and Larudee, P. (1977). Elicited imitation in second language learners. Language and Speech 20, 1, 86-97.

Student Added Readings

• Ben
  • Fry, Kress & Fountoukidis (2000) 1,000 Most Frequently Used Words, The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall

• Jerry
  • Ellis, Rod (2008) Investigating grammatical difficulty in second language learning: Implications for second language acquisition research and language testing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 18, 1, 4-22.
  • Hawkins, Roger (2008) Can innate linguistic knowledge be eliminated from theories of SLA?. Lingua 118, 613-619.
  • Hawkins, Roger & Casillas, Gabriella (2008) Explaining frequency of verb morphology in early L2 speech. Lingua 118, 595-612.
  • Kobayashi, Hiroe & Rinnert, Carol (2008) Task response and text construction across L1 and L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing 17, 7-29.